An ecdysteroid-regulated 16-kDa protein homologue is involved in the immune response of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (2023)

Fish and seafood immunology, Volume 137, 2023, Article 108754

Ubiquitin-like (SUMO)-like small molecule modulators regulate multiple biological processes, including MyD88/Ticams-Ticams-TRAF6-NF-NF-KB, one of the most important immune pathways. However, their function is inconsistent between invertebrates and vertebrates, and few have been studied in lower lambs, including amphioxus and fish. Here, we study the sumonization gene system of amphioxus, a living basal cord. We found that amphioxus has a sumonization system that has a complete gene set and preserves several ancestral functions. They went on to study their molecular functions using mammalian cell lines. The results showed that both Amphioxus SUMO1 and Supreme2 can join the NF-κB reporter gene and inhibit the activation of NF-κB by 50-75% in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of SUMO2 might be further enhanced by adding SUMO E2 light. In contrast, while human top inhibited relaxation, human top top correlated slightly with activation. We also demonstrate that amphioxus PIAs, similar to human PIAS1-4, can act as SUMO E3 ligases and facilitate their self-summarization. This suggests that Ampioxus PIAs are functionally compatible in human cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ampioxus PIAs not only inhibited MyD88, TICAM TYPE, TRAF6, and IRAQ4-induced activation of NF-κB, but also completely inhibited NF-κB in the presence of SUMO1/2 in a dose-insensitive manner. This suggests that PIA can effectively block most of the rel-promoting rel. In humans, by contrast, only PIAS3, but not PIAS1/2/4, has been reported to promote most NF-SB. Taken together, the results for amphioxus as well as mammals and other species not only provide functional information on the volatility of SUMO animal systems, but also shed light on their evolutionary transition from amphioxus to fish to humans.

Fish and seafood immunology, Bind 137, 2023, Artikel 108739

Fish skin is important for the physical defense of the pathogen, so it is necessary to understand the physiological process that affects the ulcer and its healing.According to reports, there is a ulcer of salmon in New Zealand.This study surveyed the stress, immunity, and structural gene expression in the skin from February (the highest temperature, at the end of summer) to May (low temperature in autumn) from two places in New Zealand to collect ulcers and ulcers without ulcers.EssenceIn May, skin samples were collected near non -specific ulcers. Compared with the control fish in February, the number of hot shock protein increased in May.Compared with the control fish (February and May), the expression of the previous gradient 2 in gastric ulcer fish (February and May), which indicates that the activity of mucus cells is higher.Based on the results of this research, fish with non -specific gastric ulcers show evidence of stress, inflammation, re -epithelization and delay healing near the ulcer side, which clarifies these processes of non -special differences in the breeding Chinuk salmon.The importance of gastric ulcer pathogenesis.

Fish and Shellfish Immunology, Volume 137, 2023, Artículo 108796

The congenital immunity of vertebrates as an important feature provides a valuable foundation for the study of the common biological reactions of environmental changes.As the population index increases, the demand for protein has increased, resulting in intensiveization of the aquaculture industry.Unfortunately, this integratedness leads to excessive use of antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs, leading to the emergence of drug -resistant microorganisms or super bacteria.In this sense, BIOFLOC (BFT) technology has become a promising strategy for the management of aquaculture diseases.By using the power of antibiotics, probiotics, and probiotics, BFT provides a sustainable ecological method, which can help reduce the negative impact of harmful chemicals.By using this innovative technology, we can improve immunity and promote the health of aquatic creatures, thereby ensuring the survivability of long -term BFT in the aquaculture industry.Using an appropriate proportion of nitrogen carbon, external carbon sources are usually added. BFT is used in a breeding system without changing water.Alien bacteria grow together in breeding water with other important microorganisms.In the process of assimilation in the process of assimilation, the ammonia in food and feces, which is essential for the formation of suspended microorganisms (called "BIOFLOC");Nitrate oxidize nitrite to nitrate, thereby promoting healthy agricultural conditions.By using high -emission media and organic substrates containing carbon and nitrogen, protein -containing microorganisms can be flocked in farming water.Several types of microorganisms and their cell components have been studied and they are applied to aquatic animals, such as probiotics or immune stimulants (fat polysaccharides, peptides and 1 -polyose) to improve their congenital immunity and antioxidantStatus, improve their disease resistance.In recent years, many BFT applications have been studied on various breeding aquatic species, and it is considered to be a promising method for developing sustainable aquaculture. Especially dueThe health of several aquaculture species.This review analyzes the aquatic animals raised in the BFT system in the BFT system.This manuscript aims to collect and display scientific evidence related to BIOFLOC as the "health promoters" in the unique documents in the industry and academia.

Fish and shellfish immunology, constraints 137,2023, Artikel 108728

Toll (TLR) receptors play a crucial role in the innate immune system and have been extensively studied in molluscs. In this study, a genome-wide search identified 29 TLR genes.Pan Bao Hannai, 33 inchesH. rufescensand 16 inchesif itDomain analysis shows that these TLR genes contain a duplicate sequence (LRR) and TOLL/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain, ranging from 1 to 5.Polymorphism analysis shows that the TLRS in abalone does not have high diversity 143 SNP and no insertion lackH. Team Hannanna, 92 SNPs and 3 indels and 6 nonsense mutationsiH. rufescens, Not SNP or Indeel iH. Loquigata。Expression of 8 tlr-Genesdisco hannaIt has been demonstrated in the liver, gills, hemolymph, gonads, intestines, muscles and mantle. Expression of tlr genes (8) in g (p < 0.05) (8), three in liver cancer (p < 0.05) and three in hemolymph (p < 0.05) (p < 0.05), with individually regulated in response to infectionVibrio parahaemolyticusThe results of this study will help better understand the molecular immune mechanismH. Disco Hannahfight irritationV. ParahayticusProvide a basis for the study of abalone TLR.

Fish and seafood immunology, binding 137,2023, Artikel 108686

A breathing explosion is a process that involves rapid active oxygen (ROS) to eliminate the invasion of the disease.However, the excessive production of ROS may be fatal to the host organism.Keap1-NRF2-MS (Protein Kelch-Like Ech-Associated 1 [Keap1]; ilythroid Nuclear Factor 2 Signaling Pathway [nrf2]; Antioxidant Responsive Element [s ON]) The signal channel plays an important role in oxidation stress and oxidation stress maintenanceCell steady.However, the role of Keap1 in the process of fish bacterial infection is still unclear.In this study, we cloned from the grass carp and characterized the Keap1 gene (Be kindKeap1) for the first time.KindnessKeap1 encodes a 593 amino acid protein.Data distribution analysis shows that the brain contains the highest transcription level of Keap1, followed by heart and liver.Aeromonas hydrophilayesStaphylococcus aureusapparently modulated the protein expression levels of gentridsride and Keap1, suggesting thatCIKeap1 is involved in antibacterial immune response.also,in vitroOverexpression attempts reveal roles for defense and irregularityCIKeap1 responds to bacterial infection through Keap1-NRF2-AR signal pathway to maintain the stable of the host.Finally, the current result provides an expansion point for KEAP1's role in hard skeletal immunology, which can guide the healthy agricultural planting of pumpkin.

Fish and Shellfish Immunology, Volume 137, 2023, Article 108758

The interaction between the nutrition and immune system is well known. Many studies have shown that the experimental diet can lead to the local morphological changes of the Atlantic salmon intestinal mucosa and the changes in genes and protein expression.This study surveyed the impact of experimental diet to the pathological physiology of mucosal reactions in the remote intestine of Atlantic salmon.The diet of Atlantic salmon includes soybean meal (SBM) andCyberlindnera Jadinii(CJ) Yeast 7 days. A standard fishmeal (FM) diet was used as a control. Morphological, immunohistochemical and gene expression analyzes were used to assess the presence of immune, proliferating and stem cell populations in the simple folds of the mucosal compartment in the distal gut. SBM-fed fish develop morphological changes according to SBM-induced enteritis. Compared with the CJ group, the SBM group. For the genes examined, expression levels in all three groups were higher in the haploid epithelial compartment than in the folded compartment Most of the changes in the epithelial compartment were observed in SBM Fed FishCD3ζ，，，，CD8α，MHC IyMHC IIThey are lower than the FM control group.CJ group stem cell logo expression is higherarriveCompared with the SBM group, in the epithelium partition.Simple folds are divided into top and base partitions indicating increasedarriveThe entire length of the simple fold is obvious, and it is not limited to the bottom of the fold.Similarly, spread (PCNA，，，，MCM2) Y apoptosis (Caspasa-3) Gene expression exists in the length of the entire simple folds, indicating that intestinal epithelial cell update is not limited to the base or top part of the folds.This study shows that the epithelial chamber is active in the immune regulation response.Fighting diet stimulation, the level of salmon intestine stem cell markers is affected by the diet containing CJ yeast.